Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world, consisting of 16,065 islands. In the subsequent 2050, around 22 million people on the coast of Indonesia will face floods annually due to the climate change-induced sea-level rise. The Indonesian judiciary has also recognized climate change as one of the threats to the continuity of living things. Climate change's effect on human rights in the context of the environment has been recognized at the domestic level.

Legal Framework

 * Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945)
 * Law No. 32 on Environmental Protection and Management (2009)
 * Supreme Court Regulation No. 36/KMA/SK/H/2013 on Handling Environmental Cases

Cases

 * Komari et. al v. Samarinda Mayor - In this case, while the primary argument of this lawsuit focuses on the government’s operation of granting mining licenses that are not following post-mine reclamation procedures and obligations that the government does not enforce, climate change used as a secondary argument. Plaintiff included one of the propositions that proved that the defendant had contributed to climate change in Samarinda.
 * Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF) v. PT Waringin Agro Jaya - Ministry of Environment and Forestry sued one of the companies supposedly behind the massive forest fire incidents in South Sumatra Province. In this case, the defendant found being responsible for carrying out intentional combustion within the region for economic benefits and had to compensate for the damages.
 * Montara Oil Spill case - In this case that was decided by the Federal Court of Australia, a Thai oil company was obliged to pay damages to Indonesian seaweed farmers for an oilspill it caused in Australian waters that affected their crops.

Organizations

 * Greenpeace Indonesia
 * Indonesian Center for Environmental Law (ICEL)
 * Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia